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A model change that takes place under the bonnet, too: the new B-Class features new petrol and diesel engines as well as new manual and automatic transmissions. All transmissions and engines have been developed in-house, with production taking place at the plants in Stuttgart-Untertürkheim and -Hedelfingen, Gaggenau/Baden and Kölleda/Thuringia. The simultaneous development process enabled perfect coordination of engines and transmissions, e.g. with regard to implementation of the ECO start/stop function which features as standard on all B-Class models.
Common features of the new drive systems are the use of state-of-the-art technologies for maximum efficiency, very smooth running, high tractive power right from low revs, sustainability in terms of impending emissions standards and low weight. For the purposes of transverse installation the engines, all of which are turbocharged, and the two transmissions are very compactly designed, providing the B-Class with an exemplary small turning circle for a front-wheel drive vehicle of eleven metres. The engine/transmission suspension by means of two hydro-mounts – an unusual solution in this market segment – and two self-aligning supports provides for unusually
good decoupling of the drive units from the body.
The new four-cylinder petrol engines (internal designation M270) mark the launch of a completely new engine series. The combustion process is based on the third-generation Mercedes-Benz direct injection system which was introduced last year with the BlueDIRECT V6 and V8 engines. Its use in the B-Class marks this technology's debut in the compact segment. The new four-cylinder engines have been designed for both transverse and longitudinal installation. In the new B-Class they are initially available with a displacement of 1.6 litres, as the B 180 rated at 90 kW (122 hp) and the B 200 with an output of 115 kW (156 hp). Their maximum torque of 200 and 250 Nm respectively is available from an engine speed of 1250 rpm.
The new four-cylinder diesel engine is a further development of the OM651 deployed in the C- to the S-Class, a common rail direct-injection engine of the third generation. With its displacement scaled down to 1.8 litres and numerous optimised points of detail, this is the first time that the compression-ignition engine has been mounted transversely in a Mercedes-Benz car. The B 180 CDI generates 80 kW (109 hp) of power, while the B 200 CDI has an output of 100 kW (136 hp). The maximum torque of 250 / 300 Nm is available from 1400 / 1600 rpm.
Another Mercedes-Benz premiere is the new 7G-DCT dual clutch transmission in the B-Class. This transmission is extremely compact, extremely variable with regard to adaptation of the engine speed thanks to seven gears, features an electric oil pump for start/stop capability, shifts gear without any interruptions in tractive power and combines the comfort of an automatic with the efficiency of a manual transmission.
The new manual transmission designed along similarly compact lines as a three-shaft transmission is a close relative of the DCT. Extremely easy gear shifting, low shift forces, low internal friction and a low weight are among its most important characteristics.
The new petrol engines: high tech in the compact class
Direct injection with fast-acting piezo injectors for multiple injection, fully variable cam adjustment on the inlet and exhaust side, controlled oil pump, switchable water pump, high compression (10.3:1) despite turbocharging, scavenging for instantaneous turbocharger response, fast and convenient start/stop system – the technical details of the new generation of four-cylinder petrol engines read like a catalogue illustrating the fine art of high tech engine construction.
With regard to the combustion process, the new all-aluminium engines with two overhead, chain-driven camshafts are closely related to the BlueDIRECT V engines which were originally introduced in the S-Class in mid-2010 and have since been setting new benchmarks worldwide in terms of performance and fuel consumption under everyday conditions in the luxury and top-range models from Mercedes-Benz. Direct petrol injection with spray-guided combustion, which Mercedes-Benz was the first car manufacturer to introduce in series production, has been developed further by the engineers into third-generation direct petrol injection with spray-guided combustion. The system pressure is up to 200 bar and is variably optimised according to the engine's characteristic map. Completely newly developed piezo-electric injectors allow up to five injections per power stroke for the best possible mixture formation, while multi-spark ignition helps to ensure reliable combustion of the mixture. The upshot is outstanding fuel efficiency combined with minimal emissions.
In conjunction with continuous adjustment of the intake and exhaust camshaft, the direct injection system also provides the essential basis for so-called scavenging.
As a result of a partial overlap of the opening times of intake and exhaust valve, part of the drawn in cold fresh air conveys the hot exhaust gas contained in the cylinder into the exhaust manifold, thereby improving the filling level substantially in comparison to the conventional mode of operation. Due to the increased mass flow in the exhaust line, the turbocharger additionally responds considerably more quickly at low revs in particular, avoiding turbo lag. As a result of the direct injection system, the fresh air is not yet mixed with fuel on entering into the cylinder, as is the case in engines with intake manifold injection. This avoids scavenging losses, that is, the escape of uncombusted petrol into the exhaust manifold. The new four-cylinder engine in the B-Class supplies its maximum torque right from an engine speed of
1250 rpm, for example, maintaining this maximum level up to 4000 rpm. In conjunction with the new 7G-DCT transmission, whose control system communicates with the engine control unit, the new four-cylinder engine responds highly spontaneously to movements of the accelerator pedal, while during cruising higher gearing can be selected, thereby further reducing fuel consumption and noise.
The turbo engines also retain their exemplary fuel efficiency at high load levels, as the mixture does not require enriching to cool the cylinder head up to a speed of 200 km/h (full-load enrichment). A two-piece water jacket with optimum cross-flow cooling and fine cooling ducts measuring only three millimetres between spark plugs and injectors convey the cooling fluid to the critical points. A new thermal management system has also been developed: in cold state, a switchable water pump with flow-optimised ball valve ensures that no coolant flows through the engine, providing for swift heating-up of the combustion chambers after starting up the engine. The thermostat is electronically controlled and the coolant temperatures are adjusted according to driving style and ambient conditions. The thermostat itself is also a flow-optimised ball valve. In the interest of high efficiency, the volumetric flow of the oil pump is also controlled, as in the V engines.
The new four-cylinder generation features cylinder spacing of 90 millimetres and is highly compact in design, thanks to the expedient arrangement of the power take-off units. The variant to be unveiled at the premiere with a displacement of 1.6 litres features a short stroke of 73.7 mm with a bore of 83.0 mm. The hollow crankshaft is a further factor contributing to the low weight of 137 kg.
Overview of technical data for the B-Class with petrol engine:
The new diesel engines: direct-injection models with displacement of 1.8 litres
Since its world premiere in 2008 the fourth-generation direct-injection diesel engine known as the OM651 has been setting standards in terms of performance and torque characteristics, economy, emissions and smooth running. It is in more widespread use than any other Mercedes-Benz diesel engine and serves as a model of efficiency and power right up to the S-Class.
A new variant with a displacement of 1.8 litres is now being introduced into the compact car segment for the first time on board the B-Class. The belt drive for the power take-off units, the turbocharger mounting position and the air ducting have been modified for the purposes of transverse mounting. With a cylinder spacing of 94 millimetres and camshafts driven via spur gears, transverse mounting and the appurtenant short design formed part of the specification for the engine from the outset.
The displacement was reduced by shortening the stroke (83 mm instead of 99 mm). The markedly longer connecting rods provide for a reduction in friction induced by lateral forces. The two Lanchester balancer shafts have also been optimised for reduced friction. The efficiency of the new, single-stage turbocharger has been optimised. It possesses adjustable guide blades.
Combining the engine control unit with the control system of the 7G-DCT involved a great deal of coordination work. Similarly to its big brothers in their latest version, the engine incorporates isolation between belt drive and crankshaft to enable implementation of the start/stop function. Other common features are
- common rail technology with a rail pressure increased to 1800 bar. The maximum ignition pressure of 200 bar also contributes to the high power output.
- The oil injection nozzles and the water pump are activated only when required, in order to save energy and fuel. The controlled oil pump additionally reduces oil flow and thus fuel consumption.
- The engine block is made of cast iron, the cylinder head of aluminium.
- A two-piece water jacket in the cylinder head provides for optimum cooling in the area of the combustion chamber plate. This enables an ignition pressure of 200 bar and a high specific power output.
- The cast iron barrels have undergone considerably finer honing than on the predecessor, also contributing to the reduction in fuel consumption.
- To compensate for the second-order forces which are inherent to four-cylinder in-line engines there are two Lanchester balancer shafts at the bottom of the engine block running in low-friction roller bearings rather than conventional plain bearings.
- The two-mass flywheel has been specifically designed for high engine torque at low engine speeds in order to isolate the crankshaft's vibration stimuli, thereby contributing to the engine's excellent smooth running.
Overview of technical data for the B-Class with diesel engine:
The 7G-DCT dual clutch transmission: convenient and efficient
Drawing on over 50 years of experience in the development and production of automatic transmissions, Mercedes-Benz is venturing into new technical territory with the 7G-DCT dual clutch transmission: the new system is an automated three-shaft manual transmission consisting of two subtransmissions, each with its own clutch. Both actuation of the clutches and gear shifting take place fully automatically and without any interruption in tractive power. This enables a particularly comfortable but nevertheless dynamic mode of driving.
Thanks to its seven gears it offers an exceptionally large spread of up to 7.99. This means that a very short transmission ratio is available when moving off on an uphill slope with a high payload, for example, while during cruising the engine speed can be lowered considerably. This transmission is nine percent more efficient than the CVT employed in the B-Class to date and attains the efficiency of a manual transmission for the first time.
At a length of 367 millimetres and a weight of 86 kilograms, the 7G-DCT is more compact and lighter than the transmissions which have been available on the market to date. The clutches take the form of "wet" multi-disc clutches running in an oil bath. The specially developed hydraulic fluid is actively cooled, thus ensuring correct functioning of the transmission even under extreme conditions, despite the comparatively low filling level of six litres.
For the first time on this type of unit, the transmission is supplied with oil by two oil pumps – one mechanical and one electric. The electric pump maintains the oil pressure when the engine is switched off via the start/stop function. This means that the transmission is immediately operational when the engine is restarted and the vehicle can move off again without any delay. In addition, the electric pump is able to support the mechanical pump when peak loads apply, enabling a more compact and efficient design for the mechanical pump.
Another new feature is electrical activation of the hydraulics for the parking lock, which is locked by mechanical means. This "park by wire" function enables the transmission selector lever to be positioned as desired: it is located in the form of a steering column lever on the right behind the steering wheel in the B-Class. In combination with the electric parking brake, additional space has thus been created in the centre console for additional stowage facilities.
Three gearshift programmes are available to the driver:
- ECONOMY: In this mode, the transmission performs gear shifting fully automatically and particularly conveniently. The gears are selected with due regard to a particularly economical style of driving at low revs.
- SPORT: The transmission performs gear shifting fully automatically in this mode, too. The shift and response times are shorter, however.
- MANUAL: In this mode, the driver operates the transmission manually via shift paddles behind the steering wheel. Shift and response times are shorter still.
In ECO or Sport mode, the driver is still able to intervene manually in the gear-shifting process via the shift paddles. The transmission reverts to the selected automatic mode after the paddles have remained inactive for ten seconds, or after a longer delay when driving downhill or on winding roads.
A key factor contributing to the overall efficiency of the B-Class is the closely coordinated operation of the transmissions and engines. A continuous exchange of data between the control units ensures that the engines run at the ideal operating point at all times. The 7G-DCT is manufactured at Daimler's Stuttgart-Hedelfingen plant.
The six-speed manual transmission: convenient manual gear-shifting
The new six-speed manual transmission has been developed alongside the 7G-DCT. The two transmissions share a large number of components and are both produced in Hedelfingen. This three-shaft transmission is also very compact (length 345 mm) and light (dry weight 46 kg) and incorporates a number of special features for particularly pleasant gear shifting. An integrated magnet on the gearshift shaft is detected by a Hall sensor. The idle position is identified in this way, enabling the start/stop function. The signal for reverse gear activates the reversing lights.
The large spread of 6.7 allows a reduction in engine speed while at the same time ensuring that sufficient tractive power is available when moving off with a fully laden B-Class and trailer up to a gross weight of 3.4 tonnes. The clutch is operated hydraulically and the gears are actuated via cables.
The overhead camshaft with third and fourth gears and the reverse gear do not run in the oil bath. This reduces drag torque, thus facilitating gear shifting at low temperatures in particular. The three-cone synchronisation of the first two gears serves the same purpose, while the following gears are provided with two-cone synchronisation. The weight-optimised cast aluminium shift forks are installed on anti-friction bearings on the shift rods, in order to reduce the shift forces.
Source: Daimler AG
Copyright © 2011, Mercedes-Benz-Blog. All rights reserved.
“Environmentally-friendly driving fun at a customer-friendly price” – it is under this motto that the new smart fortwo electric drive will be launched spring 2012 on more than 30 markets around the world. In Germany, it will be available to order for less than EUR 16,000 net – plus just the monthly rental fee for the battery.
“The smart electric drive is now on sale worldwide – with the fun continuing right into the price,” says smart boss Dr. Annette Winkler. “The electric smart has what it takes to bring a little more quality-of-life to our cities. But a car that wants to change the world can’t cost the earth. For this reason, we are offering the new electric smart within our sale&care model for considerably less than EUR 16,000 before tax – plus less than EUR 60 per month for battery rental. Anybody wishing to buy or lease the vehicle with the battery can, of course, do that, too.”
If you want to be there from the start – register online!
Starting right now, interested parties can complete a no-obligation registration process on www.smart.com to be kept up-to-date with the latest information about the new electric smart. Those who would like to be among the first owners of the new third-generation smart fortwo electric drive will have the opportunity to reserve one online as of the fourth quarter 2011.
The third generation can do everything better
The further developed third-generation drive technology delivers 100 percent driving fun with zero emissions. The 55 kW electric motor now breaks through the 120 km/h mark, ensuring that the feel-good factor on the urban autobahn is now the same as the one that kicks in within 5 seconds of sprinting away from the lights. That is how quickly it now accelerates from 0 to 60 km/h. And thanks to 130 Newton meters of torque, the new electric smart is now more responsive at higher speeds – and accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in less than 13 seconds.
The new smart fortwo electric drive exceeds its popular predecessor in every regard. It has more range – considerably more than 140 kilometers – enabled by the new lithium-ion battery with a capacity of 17.6 kWh that comes for the first time from Deutsche Accumotive. Morever, charge time has been significantly shortened. Completely empty, the battery can be fully recharged at a household outlet or charging station in a maximum of eight hours – or overnight, if you will. It can be done even faster – in less than one hour – with the optional rapid charge function using a 22 kW on-board charger.
“The smart fortwo has excelled itself. It was already the pioneer in urban mobility and, with the new electric drive, is now once again setting benchmarks with even more driving fun and environmental compatibility,” says Dr. Annette Winkler. “The much-quoted electric era is now definitely upon us.” As a result, production at the smart factory in Hambach, France has already been ramped up to a five-figure volume.
Travel in Germany complete CO2-free
“Furthermore,” adds Dr. Annette Winkler, “we will ensure that our customers will be able to drive the new electric smart in Germany completely CO2-free. We will – with no prompting from the renewable energy law – make available the same amount of ‘green’ electricity as that consumed by all third-generation smart fortwo electric drives sold.”
Two generation of the smart fortwo electric drive in comparison
Source: Daimler AG
Copyright © 2011, Mercedes-Benz-Blog. All rights reserved.
Local zero-emission driving with even more driving fun – the third generation smart fortwo electric drive will be available from the spring of 2012. In total a five-figure number of vehicles will roll off the production line in Hambach, France. Following the huge success of the second generation, electric mobility will then become accessible to anyone interested in more than 30 markets worldwide. In the development of the new generation smart benefited from extensive experience and customer feedback gathered worldwide in the past few years. Driven by a battery supplied by Deutsche Accumotive for the first time the 55 kW electric motor passes the 120 km/h mark. From 0 to 100 km/h in less than 13 seconds – even driving on urban motorways becomes enjoyable. The 17.6 kWh battery enables the lively city car to travel around 140 kilometres in city traffic without producing any local emissions. A new sales model makes the introduction to electric mobility particularly attractive for customers: the sale&care model offers customers an opportunity to buy the vehicle at an attractive price and to lease the battery for a monthly fee. Reservations for third generation smart fortwo electric drive can be made from the fourth quarter of 2011. In Germany the new electric smart will be completely CO2-neutral thanks to the provision of additional "green" electricity.
"The smart fortwo has exceeded itself. It has always been a pioneer of urban mobility and with the new electric drive it is once again setting standards with even more driving fun and environmental compatibility ," says Dr. Annette Winkler, Head of smart. "With the new generation the frequently cited "electric era" has finally arrived."
For the further development of the smart fortwo electric drive the company was able to integrate extensive experience and customer feedback from various electric mobility projects. Ever since 1998 the smart has been revolutionising urban mobility like no vehicle before it. Compact, agile, environmentally friendly and stylish – it has evolved from a practical small car to a lifestyle product and has long become a familiar sight on the roads of cities around the world.
With the start of the first electrically driven test fleet in 2007 in London smart also took on a pioneering role in the area of electric mobility when 100 smart fortwo electric drives took to the roads of the British capital – with great success. Today the vehicle is a trendsetter and a synonym for forward-looking battery-electric-driven urban mobility of the future.
One of the largest electric fleets worldwide
With the introduction of the second generation in 2009 the smart fortwo electric drive was ready to take to the roads. The electrically driven avant-gardiste from Stuttgart was introduced in 18 markets. The objective of the second generation was to gather as much experience as possible about how customers use and charge electric vehicles. The huge demand exceeded all expectations. Instead of the planned 1000 vehicles more than 2000 smart fortwo electric drives are being produced in Hambach. This means that smart has one of the largest fleets of electrically driven vehicles on the roads worldwide and a trove of customer experience and wishes that have been input in the third generation smart fortwo electric drive.
A higher top speed and better acceleration at speeds above 60 km/h were right at the top of the customers' list of priorities.
However, contrary to prevailing opinion the range wasn't the crucial point from the perspective of the test customers. The vast majority of users confirmed the results of surveys which say that people drive approximately 30 to 40 kilometres per day on average in urban areas and they expressed great satisfaction with the range of their smart.
Even better in the third generation
With total production amounting to a five-figure number, from the spring of 2012 the further developed smart fortwo electric drive will start winning wide-ranging buyers in more than 30 international markets for an innovative and forward-looking drive concept.
The third generation smart fortwo electric drive features a 55 kW magneto-electric motor - the first product from the EM-motive joint venture founded together with Bosch - which ensures that it is as agile and lively as ever. With torque of 130 Newton metres it accelerates powerfully and immediately from 0 to 60 km/h in 5 seconds and thanks to better acceleration in the higher speed range it can sprint from 0 to 100 km/h in less than 13 seconds as it has much more tractive power than its predecessor. This makes for speedy driving and overtaking. The battery-electric two-seater smart fortwo now also has a higher top speed of more than 120 km/h, putting it on a par with the combustion-engined smart.
A battery supplied by Deutsche Accumotive is fitted in the new smart fortwo electric drive for the first time. With capacity of 17.6 kWh the lithium-ion battery from the joint venture with Evonik Industries provides for well over 140 kilometres of pollutant-free driving fun. In addition to the higher battery capacity clear improvements have been made to the efficiency of the drive system, resulting in a greater range. When completely empty it takes a maximum of eight hours to fully charge the battery at a household socket or charging station on the electricity systems of most countries i.e. overnight.
Quick charging in just one hour
For the greater freedom of quick charging it is possible to optionally equip the vehicle with a quick-charging function. The 22 kW on-board charger enables a completely empty battery to be fully charged in less than an hour. A power cable is needed for this which is used to connect the vehicle to a public quick-charging station or a wallbox at home or work. smart will offer this in the future in cooperation with SPX, one of the world's leading suppliers of technology solutions in the fields of energy and automotive, as a global installation and service partner, and with KEBA – a specialist for innovative e-infrastructure and wallboxes. Should a customer wish to install a wallbox at home or work the smart Sales department will contact SPX who will examine the local conditions, make an offer, and after discussing the cost estimate, see to it that the KEBA wallbox is installed.
The wallbox is standardised and can of course also be used for the quick charging of vehicles from other manufacturers, for example if there is a mixed fleet. Infrastructure solutions designed to meet the special requirements of vehicle fleets are currently being developed with their introduction parallel to the market launch of the third generation smart fortwo electric drive.
A comparison of the two smart fortwo electric drive generations
Attractive introduction to electric mobility
Thanks to a new marketing concept the smart fortwo electric drive makes the switch to electric mobility very attractive. With the sale&care model customers can buy, lease or finance the vehicle at an attractive price and lease the battery for less than €60 per month plus VAT. This means that the monthly costs for electric driving are no higher than those for a comparable vehicle with diesel drive. The leasing costs include regular maintenance, annual servicing of the battery and – if necessary – the quick replacement of the battery, regardless of how old the vehicle or the battery is. smart also has a solution for all those who want to buy the entire vehicle.
The price for the vehicle with the sale&care model is considerably less than €16,000 plus VAT. In view of the low operating costs electric driving therefore represents a very attractive form of individual mobility. National promotion programmes in many countries and mobility benefits such as the use of special lanes or exemption from city congestion charges are further advantages of electric driving. With the attractive sale&care package and the significant progress in technology for the smart fortwo electric drive of the third generation smart offers its customers affordable driving fun for daily use based on the environmentally friendly drive. "In addition we want to ensure that our customers drive the new electric smart in Germany without producing any C02", says Annette Winkler. "This is why we will additionally provide as much "green" electricity as all third generation smart fortwo electric drives sold here consume – without support measures from the Renewable Energy Act."
Anyone interested can now register on www.smart.com with no obligation and will receive all the latest news on the new electric smart. Customers who would like to be among the first owners of the new third generation smart fortwo electric drive will be able to reserve a vehicle in advance online from the fourth quarter of 2011.
A fresh green and even more colours
With a larger radiator grille featuring the electric drive logo, stylish LED daytime driving lights below the headlamps, wider door sills and several modifications to the rear the new model is much more dynamic than its predecessor.
The new E-smart comes in all smart colours and colour combinations that are also available for the diesel and petrol models.
The new colour fresh green is a particularly visible manifestation of electric driving fun. In addition to crystal white bodypanels the electric drive design package comprises white alloy rims, a green tridion cell, green mirror caps and numerous green accents in the interior which form an attractive contrast to the black seats.
Perfectly equipped
As to be expected the new smart fortwo electric drive features extensive equipment. A highlight is the fully automatic air conditioning with pollen filter and pre-air conditioning. As with the second generation, when it is connected to the power network the vehicle can be pre-cooled or pre-heated as required for a programmed departure time. A new feature is the possibility to start the pre-air conditioning via the internet or a smartphone at any time. The standard equipment furthermore includes electric windows and electrically adjustable door mirrors, a leather steering wheel, leather gear knob, the entry line radio, power steering, 9-spoke alloy wheels and a luggage compartment cover. As with the predecessor model in addition to the standard solid roof a glass roof and a cabrio version are available. The trip computer – also a standard feature in the electric smart – shows journey information including the remaining range. And like the predecessor model the two round instruments show the charge status of the battery and the energy used and recuperated. In addition, the smart fortwo electric drive can be equipped with a navigation system and a 3-spoke leather steering wheel.
Clever app for infotainment with smartphones
smart is the first car brand to develop its own drive app for the iPhone®. Together with the smart kit and cradle for the iPhone®the cult phone becomes a multimedia trip computer that is optimised for the smart fortwo in terms of function and design. The smart drive app for the iPhone®has all the important features needed whilst driving: phone calls via hands-free system, your own extensive music collection, internet radio and a clever navigation system with a special smart touch. There are also smart extras – for example the Car Finder that will guide you back to wherever you parked your car.
The new smart drive app for the iPhone®is simple to operate, for example thanks to extra-large buttons. The new app makes urban mobility even easier and more fun - the declared objective of the smart philosophy.
Two new elements developed by smart make the two-seater car and the iPhone®a perfect team:
- The smart cradle for the iPhone®with control unit and microphone serves as a stylish and functional holder. It charges the iPhone®and also functions as a hands-free system using the loudspeakers of the smart radio for sound output and automatically muting it when phone calls are made.
- The smart drive app for the iPhone®is the world's first drive app on the market to be developed by a car brand. It combines all the features needed on the road in a single app. All the functions are extremely easy to use thanks to extra-large buttons and extra-large letters.
Always know how far you can go: connected services
The smart drive app for the iPhone®can be tuned with further functions tailored to the smart fortwo electric drive. However, the current charge status or the SmartCharging charge configuration can also be conveniently controlled and managed via a web portal from a home computer or with any modern smartphone.
The Vehicle Homepage offers every third generation smart fortwo electric drive customer a chance to visualise the range on an interactive map with 3D views. All the destinations that can be reached with the current battery charge are displayed. The public charging stations within reach can also be seen at a glance. If a desired destination is further away than the available range the Vehicle Homepage can be used to quickly check the additional battery charge needed. Among other things the depiction of the range considers the topography and the route profile. The intuitive graphic depiction that can be combined with 3D views and satellite images is an attractive feature. Furthermore, the vehicle itself can also become active. Information on the charge status and range can be sent by email or Twitter messages for example. The driver is notified as soon as the desired range can be reached with the current charge.
Intelligent charging
The smart fortwo electric drive can be connected to the internet at home via a standard powerline adapter (Homeplug AV) for SmartCharging. After entering the planned departure time in the vehicle or the web portal the vehicle will be fully charged in a battery-saving and economical way, and pre-air conditioned if required so that it is ready to start. The pre-air conditioning can also be conveniently activated online shortly before setting off.
Source: Daimler AG
Copyright © 2011, Mercedes-Benz-Blog. All rights reserved.
Outstanding efficiency, lots of driving fun and an uncon-ventional design are the common features of the new products presented by smart at the International Motor Show. smart's presentation in Frankfurt will focus on the world premiere of the third generation smart fortwo electric drive and the smart forvision concept vehicle. What's more, the smart ebike extends electric mobility from smart to two wheels.
Zero-emission motoring with even more driving fun – the third generation smart fortwo electric drive will be available from the spring of 2012. For the further development of the smart fortwo electric drive the company was able to integrate extensive experience and customer feedback from various electric mobility projects. For example, this is reflected in clearly improved performance data: maximum power output of 55 kW, a top speed of over 120 km/h and a range of considerably more than 140 km.
Together with BASF smart is presenting the smart forvision concept vehicle which combines a futuristic design with technologies relating to energy efficiency, lightweight construction and temperature management.
A near-series version of the smart ebike, which will enter series production in 2012, will also be on display at the International Motor Show. With an unconventional design in line with the style of the brand, functions appropriate for city use and high technology standards that are demonstrated by the extremely efficient and high-performance drive package among other features, it has an exceptional position.
smart is continuing its series of exciting special models with the limited special model smart fortwo pearlgrey. The exclusive graphite metallic paintwork in combination with a silver tridion safety cell and silver alloy wheels lend it a classic and elegant appearance.
With the "smart BRABUS tailor made by WeSC" and the "headphones for the smart by WeSC" smart is presenting the first results of the cooperation with the street fashion brand WeSC. Common features of the special model and the headphones are the gleaming gold tones and the launch in the spring of 2012.
Source: Daimler AG
Copyright © 2011, Mercedes-Benz-Blog. All rights reserved.
The new M-Class: The SUV efficiency champion
The third-generation M-Class sets a new benchmark in the SUV segment. The low fuel consumption figures and exemplary emissions figures are particularly impressive. Compared with the outgoing model, the entire model range consumes 25 percent less fuel on average. A sophisticated engine line-up, engine downsizing, the best-in-class Cd figure of 0.32, extensive BlueEFFICIENCY measures and new development tools such as the "energy-transparent vehicle" all play their part in delivering excellent energy efficiency. The highlight comes in the guise of the ML 250 BlueTEC 4MATIC, which is 28 percent more economical than its predecessor, boasts NEDC fuel consumption of 6.0 l/100 km (158 g CO2/km) and has a range of up to 1500 kilometres on a single tank – figures that only a few years ago remained the preserve of the compact class.
BlueTEC diesel units and the new generation of BlueDIRECT direct-injection petrol engines form the basis for the excellent economy and outstanding life cycle assessment of the new M-Class. In this respect, downsizing takes centre stage as far as the diesel models are concerned:
- In the ML 250 BlueTEC 4MATIC, the 3.0-litre V6 of the previous model is replaced by the thrifty four-cylinder unit already familiar from, for instance, the S-Class.
- The ML 350 BlueTEC 4MATIC features an extensively revamped 3.0-litre V6, which offers far better performance coupled with a substantial reduction in fuel consumption.
Thanks to AdBlue® emission control technology, both diesel models comfortably meet the EU6 standard slated for introduction in 2014.
Data comparison with corresponding predecessor model:
State-of-the-art engine technology
The 2.2-litre CDI engine turns the ML 250 BlueTEC 4MATIC into the most economical SUV in its class. With NEDC fuel consumption of 6.0 l/100 km, the model even outperforms any hybrid model currently offered by the competition. Despite the low fuel consumption figures, this M-Class model boasts a maximum torque of 500 Nm at 1600 rpm and a rated output of 150 kW (204 hp) with outstanding performance: the M-Class accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in 9.0 seconds before going on to a top speed of 210 km/h.
Two-stage turbocharging produces high torque even at low engine speeds. The compressor package – already fitted in the compact GLK 250 CDI 4MATIC SUV – made up of a small high pressure (HP) and a large low pressure (LP) turbocharger contributes decisively to the high output on a par with the 6‑cylinder unit in the predecessor model ML 300 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY 4MATIC. The two turbochargers are connected in series, and each has a turbine and a compressor driven by this turbine. The HP turbine is located directly at the exhaust manifold and initially allows exhaust gas to flow through it; it then rotates at up to 215,000 revolutions per minute. The HP turbine housing features an integral bypass duct, which can be opened or closed by means of a charge-pressure control flap. If the flap is closed, the whole exhaust stream flows through the HP turbine, so that the exhaust-gas energy is available solely for the HP turbine drive. This means that the optimum charge pressure can be built up at low engine revs.
The two compressors are likewise connected in series, and are in addition connected to a bypass duct. The combustion air from the air filter first flows through the low-pressure compressor, where it is compressed as a function of the LP turbine's output. This pre-compressed air then passes into the high-pressure compressor, which is coupled to the HP turbine, where it undergoes further compression. The result is a genuine two-stage turbocharging process. The major advantage of this sophisticated, demand-based control of the combustion air supply using two turbochargers is improved cylinder charging, and therefore high torque even at low engine speeds. Fuel consumption is also reduced. When the car is driven, this concept makes itself felt by harmonious driving characteristics with no turbo-lag, a favourable torque curve across the entire engine speed range, instant responsiveness and excellent performance.
The V6 diesel engine in the ML 350 BlueTEC 4MATIC guarantees effortlessly superior traction. It develops 190 kW (258 hp) and impressive torque of 620 Nm. Despite its extraordinary performance this version boasts combined NEDC fuel consumption of 6.8 litres of diesel per 100 kilometres. The highly efficient V6 diesel unit delivers effortlessly superior performance: the ML 350 BlueTEC 4MATIC accelerates from standstill to 100 km/h in 7.4 seconds before moving on to a top speed of 224 km/h. While delivering performance on a par with the predecessor model, the ML 450 CDI 4MATIC with V8 diesel engine, the new unit, however, boasts 36 percent lower fuel consumption.
Just like the ML 250 BlueTEC 4MATIC, the ML 350 BlueTEC 4MATIC also ranks among the world's cleanest diesel models: BlueTEC is a technology developed by Mercedes-Benz to reduce emissions from diesel vehicles, especially nitrogen oxides. AdBlue®, an aqueous urea solution is injected into the exhaust gas stream as part of this process, releasing ammonia, which reduces up to 80 percent of the nitrogen oxides into harmless nitrogen and water in the downstream SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalytic converter. Upshot: both models already comply with the EU6 exhaust emissions standard due to be implemented in 2014. The AdBlue® tank is located under the luggage compartment floor to protect it in the event of a crash, has a capacity of 25.7 litres and is topped up every 25,000 kilometres at the regular service intervals. The filler opening is located behind the side fuel filler flap alongside the tank filler neck and is marked clearly with a luminous blue cap. This configuration allows the ML driver to top up the tank easily if they take full advantage of the off-road capabilities of the M-Class and are unable to find a service station off the beaten track. AdBlue® is available as a refill container from any Mercedes-Benz dealership; the instrument cluster provides a timely indication of the need to top up the tank.
BlueDIRECT engine for the ML 350 4MATIC BlueEFFICIENCY
The ML 350 4MATIC BlueEFFICIENCY petrol-engine model features the groundbreaking technology of the new generation of V engines from Mercedes‑Benz. At the heart of the BlueDIRECT technology package lies the enhanced third-generation spray-guided direct petrol engine with piezo injectors. In combination with multi-spark ignition, this technology offers further possibilities for fuel savings.
The V6 engine in the ML 350 4MATIC BlueEFFICIENCY utilises a new stratified combustion process with a considerably extended characteristic map and fuel-efficient lean-burn technology ("homogeneous stratified mode" or HOS). As the name implies, HOS is a combination of homogeneous lean-burn and classic stratified combustion. The first injection is sprayed into the intake stroke, forming a homogeneous basic mixture. Actual "stratified" injection takes place during the compression stroke before ignition, and is a single or double injection depending on the characteristic map.
The third-generation direct-injection system also features rapid multi-spark ignition (MSI). How it works: following the first spark discharge and a brief combustion period, the coil is rapidly recharged and a further spark is discharged. The MSI system enables up to four sparks to be discharged in succession within one millisecond, creating a plasma with a larger spatial expansion than conventional ignition. Controlling this rapid multi-spark ignition enables both the time lapse before the next spark and the combustion duration for the relevant operating point to be optimally adjusted. This provides scope for optimising the centre of combustion and improving residual gas compatibility, especially during stratified charge operation.
The sophisticated 3.5-litre V6 unit has been designed as a naturally aspirated engine. As a major distinction from the preceding engine in the ML 350 4MATIC, the V-angle between the cylinder banks has been reduced from 90 degrees to 60 degrees. This has enabled the balancer shaft compensating primary vibrations to be omitted. As a result the driver notices an outstanding level of comfort. The design highlights of the 3.5-litre V6 include a completely new air intake and exhaust system in conjunction with a variable resonance intake manifold and optimised inflow and outflow. Result: with the same displacement, the output compared with the previous 200 kW (272 hp) model is increased by 12.5 percent to 225 kW (306 hp), while maximum torque has increased by 5.7 percent to 370 Nm (predecessor: 350 Nm) and now is available over a broader engine speed range from 3500 to 5250 rpm. In parallel with this increase in power, Mercedes engineers have achieved an equally impressive reduction in NEDC fuel consumption – by some 25 percent compared to the predecessor model. The new V6 petrol engine in the ML 350 4MATIC BlueEFFICIENCY consumes 8.5 litres per 100 kilometres, making it the most economical petrol model in its class. The model combines excellent consumption figures with dynamic performance, accelerating from standstill to 100 km/h in 7.6 seconds, and with a top speed of 240 km/h. Data for comparison:
New dimensions in energy efficiency
The performance of the M-Class engines becomes particularly apparent when looking at the reduced energy requirements coupled with a marked increase in power output per litre for the three M-Class generations since 1997. Comparison of the weight-specific consumption figures (l/100 km per 100 kg) reveals the tremendous development potential of the conventional internal combustion engine.
Long-distance champion: a high level of efficiency ensures a long range
The range for a full tank of fuel on the new M-Class is particularly impressive. This parameter is very important for a vehicle that knows virtually no bounds. Here, the ML 250 BlueTEC 4MATIC – the most economical SUV in its class by far – stands out. With NEDC consumption of 6.0 l/100 km, the frugal diesel engine with the standard 70-litre tank can cover around 1170 kilometres before needing to stop for fuel. If the vehicle is fitted with the optional 93-litre tank, the car can even cover up to 1500 kilometres between refuelling stops. The ranges at a glance:
Attention to detail: a fine finish adds efficiency
The fuel economy is underpinned by a comprehensive package of BlueEFFICIENCY measures as well as by this state-of-the-art engine technology. In addition to the ECO start/stop function that comes as standard, these measures include the new seven-speed 7G-TRONIC PLUS automatic transmission. Low-friction axle drives, electric steering and tyres with low rolling resistance also play their part in reducing fuel consumption.
The re-engineered 7G-TRONIC PLUS, standard on all M-Class models, boasts an integrated ECO start/stop function, lower converter slip and optimised efficiency. A central role is played by the new torsion damper, which eliminates torsional eccentricities and vibrations in the transmission even more effectively. The lower the rpm and the lower the number of cylinders, the more severe these can be. This results in a conflict of aims between comfort and fuel-efficient operation. Mercedes-Benz developers resolved this by using what is called a twin-turbine damper, which is also fitted with a centrifugal pendulum on the diesel models. Depending on the rpm, this moves the centre of mass and allows comfortable operation even in the most economical operating range. Furthermore, the optimised damping allows a marked reduction in the slip of the torque converter lockup clutch even under low loads, which also contributes to fuel savings. In addition, the optimised damping of rotational irregularities and vibrations in the transmission allows an even faster response to driver commands via the accelerator pedal. Friction-optimised bearings and new transmission oil thermal management also help reduce fuel consumption.
The optimised belt drive system with decoupler, together with intelligent, on-demand control of all ancillary components and pumps, also helps to reduce the energy requirements of the new M-Class. The oil and water pumps in the engine, as well as the fuel pump in the rear section of the vehicle, are only activated according to actual need. The same control logic is used in the THERMATIC and THERMOTRONIC air conditioning systems. In these, the coolant compressor only runs when necessary. An internal heat exchanger and the sophisticated sensor system including a demisting sensor on the front windscreen ensure optimum efficiency of the air conditioning systems in the interior. A key factor in the diesel engines is also the optimisation that has been undertaken of the flow and counterpressure in the exhaust system with its SCR emission control technology.
A consistent use of lightweight construction techniques has enabled the development engineers to keep the weight of the new M-Class on a par with that of its predecessor, despite more equipment. The links on the front and rear axles, for example, along with the bonnet and wings, are made out of light and yet very strong aluminium alloys, while the cross member for the instrument panel is made of magnesium.
Aerodynamics: the most aerodynamic SUV in its class
With a drag coefficient, or Cd figure, of 0.32, the new M-Class (ML 250 BlueTEC) sets a new best figure for this vehicle class (total aerodynamic drag Cd x A = 0.92, predecessor 0.94). Painstaking simulations undertaken with the digital prototype, along with final touches added in the wind tunnel, ensure a perfect flow of air around the vehicle. The key factor determining the low wind resistance is the aerodynamic efficiency of the basic bodyshell, including the optimised design of the front bumper with its integrated spoiler, of the A pillars and of the roof spoiler, plus numerous other detailed improvements. These include:
- Sealing around the radiator section with adjustable fan shutter
- Sealed joints between the bonnet and the headlamps
- Front wheel spoilers
- Air outlets in the front wheel well liners
- Redesigned exterior mirror housings
- Optimised roof spoiler
- Side spoilers on the rear window (ML 250 BlueTEC 4MATIC)
- Underfloor and engine compartment panelling
- Aerodynamically optimised light-alloy wheels for the diesel models
Detailed analysis: "energy-transparent vehicle" creates transparency
The "energy-transparent vehicle" development tool, created in-house by Mercedes-Benz, was piloted as part of the M-Class development process. The outstanding opportunities presented by this method, which can detect the possibilities for optimisation in even the most minute component, will be exploited on all new model series in the future. An exact and meticulous examination of the flow of energy throughout the vehicle (tank to wheel) helps the development engineers to optimise every single assembly that has an impact on fuel consumption, right down to individual components, such as wheel bearings.
The idea for the "energy-transparent vehicle" stemmed from the failure in the past to verify or demonstrate clearly the many factors affecting consumption and the interaction between fuel-saving measures. Using the "energy-transparent vehicle" tool, the engineers can now detect detailed potential optimisation measures by breaking down energy flows into cause and effect and analysing energy interactions within the entire vehicle.
The process draws on complex, highly precise metrology which records some 300 energy-relevant measurement points with a sampling rate of up to 1000 measured values per second. Every minute some 2.4 million measured values are generated, which can subsequently be analysed to reliably pinpoint optimisation potential. The process is complemented by energy simulation models which are validated by means of the measured variables. This enables the energy efficiency of individual major assemblies and components as well as the entire vehicle to be analysed and quantified. Once the specialists have identified a vehicle component with energy shortcomings, they team up with the relevant specialist departments to devise solutions. This cooperation focuses on design, or the properties of the materials used in individual vehicle components such as wheel or axle bearings. In addition, modified control strategies can also produce the desired outcome.
The "energy-transparent vehicle" process which is exclusive to Daimler enables the development engineers to highlight and leverage optimisation potential both for cars with conventional internal combustion engines as well as hybrid, electric or fuel-cell drives. In future, this process may even give rise to a generally applicable development tool for all machines and help boost energy efficiency across the board. A wide range of applications are conceivable. Whether in industry for power stations, (wind) generators, pumps or conveyor systems, in the home for refrigerators, washing machines, dryers and lawnmowers, or for transportation applications involving ships, trains or planes – the optimisation potential of disparate technologies to save energy could be analysed in detail with the consistent usage of this technique and implementation recommendations made.
Source: Daimler AG
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